Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 107, Issue 7, Pages 2967-2971Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911603107
Keywords
gene duplication; whole-genome duplication; gene retention; phosphorylation; posttranslational modification
Categories
Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBC5051401]
- Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology IWT (SBO-BioFrame)
- Inter-University Network for Fundamental Research [P6/25]
- European Molecular Biology Organization [ALTF-930-2007]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/C505140/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Gene and genome duplications create novel genetic material on which evolution can work and have therefore been recognized as a major source of innovation for many eukaryotic lineages. Following duplication, the most likely fate is gene loss; however, a considerable fraction of duplicated genes survive. Not all genes have the same probability of survival, but it is not fully understood what evolutionary forces determine the pattern of gene retention. Here, we use genome sequence data as well as large-scale phosphoproteomics data from the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which underwent a whole-genome duplication similar to 100 mya, and show that the number of phosphorylation sites on the proteins they encode is a major determinant of gene retention. Protein phosphorylation motifs are short amino acid sequences that are usually embedded within unstructured and rapidly evolving protein regions. Reciprocal loss of those ancestral sites and the gain of new ones are major drivers in the retention of the two surviving duplicates and in their acquisition of distinct functions. This way, small changes in the sequences of unstructured regions in proteins can contribute to the rapid rewiring and adaptation of regulatory networks.
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