Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 106, Issue 28, Pages 11540-11545Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812665106
Keywords
crystal structure; deazaflavin; DNA photolesion; DNA repair; photolyase
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Funding
- Max-Planck Society
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB749]
- Novartis (NURPOC)
- Fonds of the Chemical Industry
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Archae possess unique biochemical systems quite distinct from the pathways present in eukaryotes and eubacteria. 7,8-Dimethyl-8-hydroxy-5deazaflavin (F-0) and F-420 are unique deazaflavin-containing coenzyme and methanogenic signature molecules, essential for a variety of biochemical transformations associated with methane biosynthesis and light-dependent DNA repair. The deazaflavin cofactor system functions during methane biosynthesis as a low-potential hydrid shuttle F-420/F420H2. In DNA photolyase repair proteins, the deazaflavin cofactor is in the deprotonated state active as a light-collecting energy transfer pigment. As such, it converts blue sunlight into energy used by the proteins to drive an essential repair process. Analysis of a eukaryotic (6-4) DNA photolyase from Drosophila melanogaster revealed a binding pocket, which tightly binds F-0. Residues in the pocket activate the cofactor by deprotonation so that light absorption and energy transfer are switched on. The crystal structure of F-0 in complex with the D. melanogaster protein shows the atomic details of F-0 binding and activation, allowing characterization of the residues involved in F-0 activation. The results show that the F-0/F-420 coenzyme system, so far believed to be strictly limited to the archael kingdom of life, is far more widespread than anticipated. Analysis of a D. melanogaster extract and of a DNA photolyase from the primitive eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri provided direct proof for the presence of the F-0 cofactor also in higher eukaryotes.
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