Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 106, Issue 26, Pages 10593-10597Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0809921106
Keywords
Implicit Association Test; culture; social psychology; implicit social cognition
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH-68447]
- National Science Foundation [REC-0634041]
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About 70% of more than half a million Implicit Association Tests completed by citizens of 34 countries revealed expected implicit stereotypes associating science with males more than with females. We discovered that nation-level implicit stereotypes predicted nation-level sex differences in 8th-grade science and mathematics achievement. Self-reported stereotypes did not provide additional predictive validity of the achievement gap. We suggest that implicit stereotypes and sex differences in science participation and performance are mutually reinforcing, contributing to the persistent gender gap in science engagement.
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