4.8 Article

T lymphocytes potentiate endogenous neuroprotective inflammation in a mouse model of ALS

Publisher

NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0804610105

Keywords

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; microglia; neuroimmunology; neuroinflammation; T cells

Funding

  1. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Association
  2. National Institutes of Health Training [Al 007306-23]
  3. ALS Association
  4. National Institute for Neurological Disease and Stroke
  5. National Institute for Aging
  6. ALS Research Foundation
  7. Al-Athel Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Foundation

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset, progressive, motor neuron degenerative disease, in which the role of inflammation is not well established. Innate and adaptive immunity were investigated in the CNS of the Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1)(G93A) transgenic mouse model of ALS. CD4(+) and CD8+ T cells infiltrated SOD1(G93A) spinal cords during disease progression. Cell-specific flow cytometry and gene expression profiling showed significant phenotypic changes in microglia, including dendritic cell receptor acquisition, and expression of genes linked to neuroprotection, cholesterol metabolism and tissue remodeling. Microglia dramatically up-regulated IGF-1 and down-regulated IL-6 expression. When mutant SOD1 mice were bred onto a TCR beta deficient background, disease progression was significantly accelerated at the symptomatic stage. In addition, microglia reactivity and IGF-1 levels were reduced in spinal cords of SOD1(G93A) (TCR beta(-/-)) mice. These results indicate that T cells play an endogenous neuroprotective role in ALS by modulating a beneficial inflammatory response to neuronal injury.

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