Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 105, Issue 48, Pages 18964-18969Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0809584105
Keywords
carbohydrate metabolism; co-evolution; genomics; human milk oligosaccharides
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [NIGMS T32-GM08799]
- University of California Discovery Grant Program
- California Dairy Research Foundation
- USDA NRI-CSREES [2008-35200-18776]
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Following birth, the breast-fed infant gastrointestinal tract is rapidly colonized by a microbial consortium often dominated by bifidobacteria. Accordingly, the complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC15697 reflects a competitive nutrient-utilization strategy targeting milk-borne molecules which lack a nutritive value to the neonate. Several chromosomal loci reflect potential adaptation to the infant host including a 43 kbp cluster encoding catabolic genes, extracellular solute binding proteins and permeases predicted to be active on milk oligosaccharides. An examination of in vivo metabolism has detected the hallmarks of milk oligosaccharide utilization via the central fermentative pathway using metabolomic and proteomic approaches. Finally, conservation of gene clusters in multiple isolates corroborates the genomic mechanism underlying milk utilization for this infant-associated phylotype.
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