Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 105, Issue 6, Pages 1943-1948Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0711734105
Keywords
microbe-host interaction; nuclear receptors; transcription
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The postembryonic development of the gastrointestinal tract is subject to regulation by the colonizing microbiota. This maturation process requires the commensal bacteria to cross-talk with host cells by way of recognizing receptors and inducing signaling pathways to activate transcription factors such as the nuclear receptors. Here, we show that in colonic cell lines and in primary colonic cells, Enterococcus faecalis isolated from newborn babies possess the ability to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 1 (PPAR gamma 1) activity through phosphorylation. This results in elevated DNA binding and transcriptional activation of downstream target genes, including IL-10, a cytokine known to modulate innate immune function, Furthermore, phosphorylation appears tightly regulated as phospho-PPAR gamma 1 becomes an immediate substrate for degradation possibly to curtail any extended transactivation. The involvement of PPAR gamma 1 in a myriad of physiological processes further confirms that microflora-driven regulation might be important for a number of homeostatic strategies in the gut.
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