Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 105, Issue 24, Pages 8428-8433Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0712219105
Keywords
gamma oscillations; local field potentials; slow-wave sleep; synchrony; thalamocortical spindles
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During sleep, neocortical neuronal networks oscillate slowly (< 1 Hz) between periods of activity (UP states) and silence (DOWN states). UP states favor the interaction between thalamic-generated spindles (7-14 Hz) and cortically generated gamma (30-80 Hz) waves. We studied how these three nested oscillations modulate fast-spiking interneuron (FSi) activity in vivo in VGAT-Venus transgenic rats. Our data describe a population of FSi that discharge early within UP states and another population that discharge late. Early FSi tended to be silent during epochs of desynchronization, whereas late FSi were active. We hypothesize that late FSi may be responsible for generating the gamma oscillations associated with cognitive processing during wakefulness. Remarkably, FSi populations were differently modulated by spindle and gamma rhythms. Early FSi were robustly coupled to spindles and always discharged earlier than late FSi within spindle and gamma cycles. The preferred firing phase during spindle and gamma waves was strongly correlated in each cell, suggesting a cross-frequency coupling between oscillations. Our results suggest a precise spatiotemporal pattern of FSi activity during UP states, whereby information rapidly flows between early and late cells, initially promoted by spindles and efficiently extended by local gamma oscillations.
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