Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 105, Issue 3, Pages 1044-1049Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706446105
Keywords
aging; sleep quality; sleep disordered breathing; delta waves; insulin resistance
Categories
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR013642, M01 RR000055] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL086459, R01 HL075079, R01 HL-086459-01] Funding Source: Medline
- NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG011412, P01 AG-11412] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [P60 DK020595, P30 DK020595, DK-20595] Funding Source: Medline
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There is convincing evidence that, in humans, discrete sleep stages are important for daytime brain function, but whether any particular sleep stage has functional significance for the rest of the body is not known. Deep non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, also known as slow-wave sleep (SWS), is thought to be the most restorative sleep stage, but beneficial effects of SWS for physical well being have not been demonstrated. The initiation of SWS coincides with hormonal changes that affect glucose regulation, suggesting that SWS may be important for normal glucose tolerance. If this were so, selective suppression of SWS should adversely affect glucose homeostasis and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Here we show that, in young healthy adults, all-night selective suppression of SWS, without any change in total sleep time, results in marked decreases in insulin sensitivity without adequate compensatory increase in insulin release, leading to reduced glucose tolerance and increased diabetes risk. SWS suppression reduced delta spectral power, the dominant EEG frequency range in SWS, and left other EEG frequency bands unchanged. Importantly, the magnitude of the decrease in insulin sensitivity was strongly correlated with the magnitude of the reduction in SWS. These findings demonstrate a clear role for SWS in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, our data suggest that reduced sleep quality with low levels of SWS, as occurs in aging and in many obese individuals, may contribute to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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