Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 105, Issue 36, Pages 13229-13234Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806857105
Keywords
crystallization; volume expansion; equation of state; phase transition; metastability
Categories
Funding
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES)
- DOE-National Nuclear Security Administration (Carnegie-DOE Alliance Center)
- National Science Foundation
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [805056] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The high-pressure behavior of amorphous selenium has been investigated with time-resolved diamond anvil cell synchrotron x-ray diffraction and computed microtomography techniques. A two-step dynamic crystallization process is observed in which the monoclinic phase crystallized from the amorphous selenium and gradually converted to the trigonal phase, thereby explaining previously observed anomalous changes in electrical conductivity of the material under pressure. The crystallization of this elemental system involves local topological fluctuations and results in an unusual pressure-induced volume expansion. The metastability of the phases involved in the transition accounts for this phenomenon. The results demonstrate the use of pressure to control and directly monitor the relative densities and energetics of phases to create new phases from highly metastable states. The microtomographic technique developed here represents a method for determination of the equations of state of amorphous materials at extreme pressures and temperatures.
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