Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 105, Issue 40, Pages 15481-15486Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807643105
Keywords
aves; marsupial; evolution; glutamine repeats
Categories
Funding
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
- Ligue contre le Cancer
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale
- Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller
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The cross-linked (cornified) envelope is a characteristic product of terminal differentiation in the keratinocyte of the epidermis and related epithelia. This envelope contains many proteins of which involucrin was the first to be discovered and shown to become cross-linked by a cellular transglutaminase. Involucrin has evolved greatly in placental mammals, but retains the glutamine repeats that make it a good substrate for the transglutaminase. Until recently, it has been impossible to detect involucrin outside the placental mammals, but analysis of the GenBank and Ensembl databases that have become available since 2006 reveals the existence of involucrin in marsupials and birds. We describe here the properties of these involucrins and the ancient history of their evolution.
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