Journal
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.60
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Funding
- Association Francaise contre les Myopathies (AFM) [12752]
- Israeli Ministry of Health, Chief Scientist's Office [3763]
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. under Israeli National Network of Excellence in Neuroscience (NNE)
- Teva
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Inflammation and fibrosis are well-defined mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the incurable Laminin a2-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A), while apoptosis mechanism is barely discussed. Our previous study showed treatment with Losartan, an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, improved muscle strength and reduced fibrosis through transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling inhibition in the dy(2J)/dy(2J) mouse model of MDC1A. Here we show for the first time that Losartan treatment up-regulates and shifts the nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) signaling pathway to favor survival versus apoptosis/damage in this animal model. Losartan treatment was associated with significantly increased serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) level, p65 nuclei accumulation, and decreased muscle I.B-beta protein level, indicating NF kappa B activation. Moreover, NF kappa B anti-apoptotic target genes TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP2), and Ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) were increased following Losartan treatment. Losartan induced protein expression toward a pro-survival profile as BCL-2 expression levels were increased and Caspase-3 expression levels were decreased. Muscle apoptosis reduction was further confirmed using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Thus, along with TGF-beta and MAPK signaling, NF kappa B serves as an important regulatory pathway which following Losartan treatment promotes survival in the dy(2J)/dy(2J) mouse model of MDC1A.
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