Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
Volume 102, Issue 11, Pages 1649-1666Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2014.2357031
Keywords
Ambient energy harvesting; autonomous sensors; charge pump; digital TV; dual-band rectenna; embedded microcontroller; energy harvesting; power scavenging; radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting; RF-dc conversion; ultrahigh frequency (UHF); voltage multiplier; wireless power
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
- FEDER [TEC2012-39143]
- European Union (EU) [FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IAPP 251557]
- COST Action [IC1301]
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1307762] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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In this paper, various ambient energy-harvesting technologies (solar, thermal, wireless, and piezoelectric) are reviewed in detail and their applicability in the development of self-sustaining wireless platforms is discussed. Specifically, farfield low-power-density energy-harvesting technology is thoroughly investigated and a benchmarking prototype of an embedded microcontroller-enabled sensor platform has been successfully powered by an ambient ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) digital TV signal (512-566 MHz) where a broadcasting antenna is 6.3 km away from the proposed wireless energy-harvesting device. A high-efficiency dual-band ambient energy harvester at 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz and an energy harvester for on-body application at 460 MHz are also presented to verify the capabilities of ambient UHF/RF energy harvesting as an enabling technology for Internet of Things and smart skins applications.
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