Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
Volume 98, Issue 12, Pages 2169-2184Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2066530
Keywords
Nanoarchitectures; nanomagnet logic; post-complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS); pseudospin; quantum-dot cellular-automata architectures (QCAs); quantum-dot cellular automata; spin; tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET); tunneling
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Funding
- Semiconductor Research Corporation, Nanoelectronics Research Institute (SRC-NRI)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
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Sooner or later, fundamental limitations destine complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) scaling to a conclusion. A number of unique switches have been proposed as replacements, many of which do not even use electron charge as the state variable. Instead, these nanoscale structures pass tokens in the spin, excitonic, photonic, magnetic, quantum, or even heat domains. Emergent physical behaviors and idiosyncrasies of these novel switches can complement the execution of specific algorithms or workloads by enabling quite unique architectures. Ultimately, exploiting these unusual responses will extend throughput in high-performance computing. Alternative tokens also require new transport mechanisms to replace the conventional chip wire interconnect schemes of charge-based computing. New intrinsic limits to scaling in post-CMOS technologies are likely to be bounded ultimately by thermodynamic entropy and Shannon noise.
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