Synergistic effect between a char forming agent (CFA) and micro encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal and flame retardant properties of polypropylene

The synergistic effect between a char forming agent (CFA) and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) on the thermal and flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) are investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and water resistance test. The results of cone calorimetry show that heat release rate peak (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and the mass loss of PP with 30 wt% intumescent flame retardant (IFR, CFA/MAPP = 1:2) decreases remarkably compared with that of pure PP. The HRR, THR, and mass loss decrease, respectively from 1140 to 100kW/m(2), from 96 to 16.8 MJ/m(2), and from 1.00 to 40%. The PP composite with CFA/MAPP = 1:2 has the best water resistance, and it can still obtain a UL-94 V-0 rating after 168 hr soaking in water. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.