Journal
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
Volume 63, Issue 4, Pages 616-625Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/pi.4539
Keywords
polyphosphonobetaine; calcium sulfate scale; polyelectrolyte; polyaminophosphonate; antiscalant
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Funding
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) through the Science and Technology Unit at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) [08-WT76-04]
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The cationic monomer N,N-diallyl-3-(diethylphosphonato)propylammonium chloride was cyclo-copolymerized with sulfur dioxide in dimethylsulfoxide using azoisobutyronitrile as initiator to afford a cationic polyelectrolyte (CPE) having a (diethylphosphonato)propyl pendent moiety. The CPE on acidic hydrolysis of the diester groups gave pH-responsive polyzwitterionic acid (PZA) which on treatment with one and two equivalents of NaOH gave zwitterionic/anionic polyelectrolyte (ZAPE) and dianionic polyelectrolyte (DAPE), respectively. The solution properties of CPE, PZA, ZAPE and DAPE were investigated in detail using a viscometric technique. For comparison, the solution properties of the polymers were correlated with those of the structurally similar polyzwitterion prepared from copolymerization of the corresponding zwitterionic monomer ethyl-3-(N,N-diallylammonio)propanephosphonate and sulfur dioxide. Evaluation of antiscaling properties using concentrated brine solutions revealed that DAPE at a meagre concentration of 10 ppm is very effective in inhibiting the formation of calcium sulfate scale, and as such can be used effectively as an antiscalant in reverse osmosis plants. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
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