Functionalizing nano-montmorillonites by modified with intumescent flame retardant: Preparation and application in polyurethane

The 2-(2-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinyl-2-ylamino)ethy-amino)-N,N,N-triethyl-2-oxoethanaminium chloride (compound c) containing phosphorus-nitrogen structure was synthesized and characterized. A novel intumescent flame retardant, namely montmorillonite (MMT) by modified with compound c (c-MMT), was prepared by ion exchanging of the nanometer Na+-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) with compound c. Both FTIR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that compound c had intercalated with Na-MMT and exfoliated c-MMT/PU nanocomposites have obtained by in-situ polymerization. TEM results further support the formation of the exfoliated nanocomposites. The thermal stability and flammability of c-MMT/PU composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter test respectively. The results showed that the addition of flame retardant c-MMT enhanced the thermal stability and flame retardancy of PU significantly. SEM results indicated that c-MMT can achieve better dispersion in the chars after combustion and the compact and dense intumescent char is formed for c-MMT/PU composites after combustion. It is found that the char structure plays an important role for c-MMT in PU resin. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of PU resin were also significantly improved by an addition of c-MMT in PU resin. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.