Journal
POLYMER
Volume 52, Issue 13, Pages 2847-2855Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.04.023
Keywords
Layer-by-layer assembly; Carbon nanofibers; Flammability
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Layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies made with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are shown to reduce the flammability of polyurethane foam. The 359 +/- 36 nm thick four bilayer coating of polyethyleneimine/CNF (cationic layer) and poly(acrylic acid) (anionic layer) contains 51 +/- 1 mass fraction % CNF. This coating completely covers the entire internal and external surfaces of the porous foam. Even though the microscopic CNF distribution was non-uniform, the macroscopic CNF network armor that was generated from this LbL process significantly reduced the flammability of the foam (e.g., 40% +/- 3% reduction in peak heat release rate). Normalized by flame retardant concentration, the reduction in foam peak heat release due to these CNF coatings is 38% larger than CNF embedded in the foam and as high as 1138% greater than other commercial technologies used to reduce foam flammability. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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