Journal
POLIMERY
Volume 59, Issue 1, Pages 49-59Publisher
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY RESEARCH INST
DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2014.049
Keywords
controlled anionic polymerization; metal-free polymerization techniques; phosphazene bases; mechanism in situ activation
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In the recent surge of metal-free polymerization techniques, phosphazene bases have shown their remarkable potential as organic promoters/catalysts for the anionic polymerization of various types of monomers. By complexation with the counterion (e.g. proton or lithium cation), phosphazene base significantly improve the nucleophilicity of the initiator/chain-end resulting in rapid and usually controlled anionic/quasi-anionic polymerization. In this review, we will introduce the general mechanism, i.e. in situ activation (of initiating sites) and polymerization, and summarize the applications of such a mechanism on macromolecular engineering toward functionalized polymers, block copolymers and complex macromolecular architectures.
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