Journal
POLAR BIOLOGY
Volume 35, Issue 6, Pages 909-917Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00300-011-1136-5
Keywords
Little auk; Alle alle; Logger; Artificial burden; Foraging effort; Chick growth
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Funding
- Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [1883/P01/2007/32, IPY/25/2007]
- Norwegian Financial Mechanism (ALKEKONGE) [PNRF-234-AI-1/07]
- University of Gdansk [538-L120-0781-1]
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We studied the effects of loggers attached to chick-rearing little auks (Alle alle) on their daily time budget (proportion of time spent in the colony and at sea), foraging activity (duration and proportion of long and short foraging flights), chick provisioning rate and their growth and development on Spitsbergen. We found that experimental parent birds performed shorter but more frequent long foraging flights and reduced the frequency of short foraging flights. They spent more time at the colony and reduced chick provisioning rate compared to control birds. Nestlings reared by experimental parents weighed significantly less at their middle, peak and fledging age and departed colony later than chicks of control parents. Little auks depend on energy-rich copepods associated with cold Arctic waters and are expected to face the climate-induced worsening of the foraging conditions, which may have negative impact on their time/energy budget and survival. The study may help to determine the level of extra effort little auks need to invest to breed successfully.
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