Journal
JOURNAL OF OPTICS
Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/2040-8978/18/1/013001
Keywords
magneto-optical effect; optical isolator; optical circulator; direct bonding; phase shift; silicon photonics
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [26249047]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26249047] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Silicon waveguide optical nonreciprocal devices that use the magneto-optical phase shift are reviewed. The phase shift caused by the first-order magneto-optical effect is effective in realizing optical nonreciprocal devices on semiconductor waveguide platforms. In a silicon-on-insulator waveguide, the low refractive index of the buried oxide layer contributes to the large penetration of the optical field into a magneto-optical material used as an over-cladding layer. This enhances the magneto-optical phase shift and, hence, contributes greatly to reducing the device footprint. A surface-activated direct bonding technique plays a key role in the fabrication of magneto-optical nonreciprocal devices. This technique makes it possible to use a high-quality singlecrystalline magneto-optical garnet that exhibits a large first-order magneto-optical effect. An optical isolator based on the magneto-optical phase shift was demonstrated in a silicon waveguide with an optical isolation ratio as high as 30 dB and an insertion loss of 13 dB at a wavelength of lambda = 1548 nm. Furthermore, a four-port optical circulator was demonstrated with maximum isolation ratios of 33.5 and 29.1 dB in the cross and bar ports, respectively, at lambda = 1543 nm.
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