Journal
PLOS ONE
Volume 9, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104954
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Funding
- Ministry of Education of Japan [19591756, 21591942]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21591942, 19591756] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate chemokine profiles and their functional roles in the early phase of fracture healing in mouse models. Methods: The expression profiles of chemokines were examined during fracture healing in wild-type (WT) mice using a polymerase chain reaction array and histological staining. The functional effect of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) on primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs) was evaluated using an in vitro migration assay. MCP-1(-/-) and C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)(-/-) mice were fractured and evaluated by histological staining and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). RS102895, an antagonist of CCR2, was continuously administered in WT mice before or after rib fracture and evaluated by histological staining and micro-CT. Bone graft exchange models were created in WT and MCP-1(-/-) mice and were evaluated by histological staining and micro-CT. Results: MCP-1 and MCP-3 expression in the early phase of fracture healing were up-regulated, and high levels of MCP-1 and MCP-3 protein expression observed in the periosteum and endosteum in the same period. MCP-1, but not MCP-3, increased migration of mBMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Fracture healing in MCP-1(-/-) and CCR2(-/-) mice was delayed compared with WT mice on day 21. Administration of RS102895 in the early, but not in the late phase, caused delayed fracture healing. Transplantation of WT-derived graft into host MCP-1(-/-) mice significantly increased new bone formation in the bone graft exchange models. Furthermore, marked induction of MCP-1 expression in the periosteum and endosteum was observed around the WT-derived graft in the host MCP-1(-/-) mouse. Conversely, transplantation of MCP-1(-/-) mouse-derived grafts into host WT mice markedly decreased new bone formation. Conclusions: MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in the periosteum and endosteum is essential for the recruitment of mesenchymal progenitor cells in the early phase of fracture healing.
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