Diversity of ankA and msp4 genes of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Slovenia

Granulocytic anaplasmosis is a tick transmitted emerging disease in Europe and worldwide. The agent, Anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes and causes infections in humans and domestic animals. The analysis of different target genes showed that in nature several genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum were present. The purpose of our study was to genetically characterize Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from eight humans, 16 dogs, 12 wild boars, one bear and 18 tick pools from Slovenia. Therefore, the ankA and msp4 genes of Anaplasma phagocytophilum were chosen. The same genetic ankA and msp4 variant of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in humans, wild boar and a part of the pooled ticks indicating that it circulates in a zoonotic cycle between wild boar and ticks. In dogs, three ankA variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected. One of them was identical to the one that was found in humans. In contrast, all dogs harboured the same msp4 variant as humans and wild boar. In ticks, numerous ankA and msp4 variants were present. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.