Journal
PLOS ONE
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092134
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Funding
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [R01 C1000214]
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [RC2HL101]
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More than a decade after West Nile virus (WNV) entered North America, and despite a significant increase in reported cases during the 2012 and 2013 seasons, no treatment or vaccine for humans is available. Although antiviral T cells contribute to the control of WNV, little is known about their regulation during acute infection. We analyzed the expression of Tim-3 and PD-1, two recently identified T cell negative immune checkpoint receptors, over the course of WNV infection. Symptomatic WNV+ donors exhibited higher frequencies of Tim-3(+) cells than asymptomatic subjects within naive/early differentiated CD28(+/-)CD57(-)CD4(+) and differentiated CD28(-)CD57(-)CD8(+) T cells. Our study links Tim-3-expression on T cells during acute WNV infection with the development of symptomatic disease, suggesting Tim-3 and its ligands could be targeted therapeutically to alter anti-WNV immunity and improve disease outcome.
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