Journal
PLOS ONE
Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086612
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Funding
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2012/01771]
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES, PROEX) through the Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Zoologia do Departamento de Zoologia IB-USP
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - Universal [481549/2012-9]
- Rising Star Program
- International Research Hub Project for Climate Change and Coral Reef/Island Dynamics at the University of the Ryukyus
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2012/01771, 2010/50174-7, 2006/56211-6, 2011/17537]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [10/50174-7] Funding Source: FAPESP
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The low evolutionary rate of mitochondrial genes in Anthozoa has challenged their utility for phylogenetic and systematic purposes, especially for DNA barcoding. However, the evolutionary rate of Ceriantharia, one of the most enigmatic orders'' within Anthozoa, has never been specifically examined. In this study, the divergence of mitochondrial DNA of Ceriantharia was compared to members of other Anthozoa and Medusozoa groups. In addition, nuclear markers were used to check the relative phylogenetic position of Ceriantharia in relation to other Cnidaria members. The results demonstrated a pattern of divergence of mitochondrial DNA completely different from those estimated for other anthozoans, and phylogenetic analyses indicate that Ceriantharia is not included within hexacorallians in most performed analyses. Thus, we propose that the Ceriantharia should be addressed as a separate clade.
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