Journal
PLOS ONE
Volume 8, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072547
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Funding
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMedicale of the University of Lausanne
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne
- University of Geneve
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
- Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve
- Leenaards foundation
- Jeantet foundation
- Stoicescu foundation
- Swiss National Science Foundation [PZ00P3_131914/11, FNS 320030_138411]
- Swiss HIV Cohort Study
- Abbott
- ViiV
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [320030_138411] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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Objective: Mild neurocognitive disorders (MND) affect a subset of HIV+ patients under effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). In this study, we used an innovative multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach at high-field to assess the presence of micro-structural brain alterations in MND+ patients. Methods: We enrolled 17 MND+ and 19 MND- patients with undetectable HIV-1 RNA and 19 healthy controls (HC). MRI acquisitions at 3T included: MP2RAGE for T1 relaxation times, Magnetization Transfer (MT), T2* and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) to probe micro-structural integrity and iron deposition in the brain. Statistical analysis used permutation-based tests and correction for family-wise error rate. Multiple regression analysis was performed between MRI data and (i) neuropsychological results (ii) HIV infection characteristics. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on MRI data was performed between MND+ and MND- patients and cross-validated with a leave-one-out test. Results: Our data revealed loss of structural integrity and micro-oedema in MND+ compared to HC in the global white and cortical gray matter, as well as in the thalamus and basal ganglia. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant influence of sub-cortical nuclei alterations on the executive index of MND+ patients (p = 0.04 he and R-2 = 95.2). The LDA distinguished MND+ and MND- patients with a classification quality of 73% after cross-validation. Conclusion: Our study shows micro-structural brain tissue alterations in MND+ patients under effective therapy and suggests that multi-contrast MRI at high field is a powerful approach to discriminate between HIV+ patients on cART with and without mild neurocognitive deficits.
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