4.6 Article

Ceacam1 Separates Graft-versus-Host-Disease from Graft-versus-Tumor Activity after Experimental Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Journal

PLOS ONE
Volume 6, Issue 7, Pages -

Publisher

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021611

Keywords

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Funding

  1. National Institutes of Health [RO1-HL069929, RO1-CA107096, RO1-AI080455, PO1-CA33049, R01-HL095075, P20-CA103694]
  2. US Department of Defense [W81XWH-09-1-0294]
  3. Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF-NIAID)
  4. Ryan Gibson Foundation (Dallas, TX)
  5. Elsa U. Pardee Foundation (Midland, MI)
  6. Byrne Foundation (Etna, NH)
  7. Emerald Foundation (New York, NY)
  8. Mr. William H. Goodwin and Mrs. Alice Goodwin, Alex's Lemonade Stand
  9. Commonwealth Foundation for Cancer Research (Richmond, VA)
  10. Bobby Zucker Memorial Fund (Phoenixville, PA)
  11. Lymphoma Foundation (New York, NY)
  12. Canadian Institutes of Health Reseach
  13. National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP)
  14. Marrow Foundation
  15. Deutsche Krebshilfe, Mildred-Scheel-Stiftung
  16. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

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Background: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is a potentially curative therapy for a variety of hematologic diseases, but benefits, including graft-versus-tumor (GVT) activity are limited by graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). Carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 (Ceacam1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein found on epithelium, T cells, and many tumors. It regulates a variety of physiologic and pathological processes such as tumor biology, leukocyte activation, and energy homeostasis. Previous studies suggest that Ceacam1 negatively regulates inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease models. Methods: We studied Ceacam1 as a regulator of GVHD and GVT after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) in mouse models. In vivo, Ceacam1(-/-) T cells caused increased GVHD mortality and GVHD of the colon, and greater numbers of donor T cells were positive for activation markers (CD25(hi), CD62L(lo)). Additionally, Ceacam1(-/-) CD8 T cells had greater expression of the gut-trafficking integrin alpha(4)beta(7), though both CD4 and CD8 T cells were found increased numbers in the gut post-transplant. Ceacam1(-/-) recipients also experienced increased GVHD mortality and GVHD of the colon, and alloreactive T cells displayed increased activation. Additionally, Ceacam1(-/-) mice had increased mortality and decreased numbers of regenerating small intestinal crypts upon radiation exposure. Conversely, Ceacam1-overexpressing T cells caused attenuated target-organ and systemic GVHD, which correlated with decreased donor T cell numbers in target tissues, and mortality. Finally, graft-versus-tumor survival in a Ceacam1(+) lymphoma model was improved in animals receiving Ceacam1(-/-) vs. control T cells. Conclusions: We conclude that Ceacam1 regulates T cell activation, GVHD target organ damage, and numbers of donor T cells in lymphoid organs and GVHD target tissues. In recipients of allo-BMT, Ceacam1 may also regulate tissue radiosensitivity. Because of its expression on both the donor graft and host tissues, this suggests that targeting Ceacam1 may represent a potent strategy for the regulation of GVHD and GVT after allogeneic transplantation.

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