Journal
PLOS ONE
Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016302
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [20390028]
- Health and Labor Science Research Grants, Japan
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20390028, 22790076] Funding Source: KAKEN
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It is known that pigs acted as mixing vessels for genesis of a new reassortant influenza strain responsible for pandemic H1N1 2009. However, the host factors driving the evolution of a reassorted virus in pigs to 'jump species' resulting in a human outbreak remain unclear. N-glycans derived from the porcine respiratory tract were enzymatically released, fluorescent labeled with 2-aminopyridine, separated according to charge, size and hydrophobicity, and structurally identified by a two-dimensional (size and hydrophobicity) HPLC mapping technique and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry before and after exo-glycosidase digestion. We found a 3-, 5-, and 13-fold increases in NeuAc alpha 2-6, a preferable human influenza receptor, over NeuAc alpha 2-3, an avian influenza receptor, from upper and lower parts of the porcine trachea towards the porcine lung, a major target organ for swine virus replication. The large proportion of NeuAc alpha 2-6 may exert selective pressure for selection of influenza variants with altered receptor preference for this human-type alpha 2-6 receptor, a crucial first step for generating a human pandemic.
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