Journal
PLOS ONE
Volume 4, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007966
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Funding
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research, MOSIS, University of Southern California [FA9550-08-1-0096]
- CNRS Institut Gustave Roussy
- Clinigene EU Noe [LSHB-CT-2006-018933]
- ANR PNANO [ANR-08-PNANO-024]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada)
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Reversible electropermeabilization (electroporation) is widely used to facilitate the introduction of genetic material and pharmaceutical agents into living cells. Although considerable knowledge has been gained from the study of real and simulated model membranes in electric fields, efforts to optimize electroporation protocols are limited by a lack of detailed understanding of the molecular basis for the electropermeabilization of the complex biomolecular assembly that forms the plasma membrane. We show here, with results from both molecular dynamics simulations and experiments with living cells, that the oxidation of membrane components enhances the susceptibility of the membrane to electropermeabilization. Manipulation of the level of oxidative stress in cell suspensions and in tissues may lead to more efficient permeabilization procedures in the laboratory and in clinical applications such as electrochemotherapy and electrotransfection-mediated gene therapy.
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