Journal
PLOS ONE
Volume 3, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003013
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- Medical Research Council [Research Professorship]
- British Heart Foundation [PG2005/014, FS/02/086/14760]
- Health and Safety Executive
- Department of Health [Career Scientist Award]
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, US, NIH [HL36310]
- National Institute on Aging, US, NIH [AG13196]
- Agency for Health Care Policy Research [HS06516]
- John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health
- Academy of Finland [117604]
- MRC
- British Heart Foundation (BHF)
- MRC [G0600705] Funding Source: UKRI
- British Heart Foundation [RG/08/008/25291, RG/07/008/23674] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0600705, G19/35, G0100222, G8802774] Funding Source: researchfish
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Background: C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is associated with risk of coronary events and subclinical measures of atherosclerosis. Evidence in support of this link being causal would include an association robust to adjustments for confounders (multivariable standard regression analysis) and the association of CRP gene polymorphisms with atherosclerosis (Mendelian randomization analysis). Methodology/Principal Findings: We genotyped 3 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [+ 1444T>C (rs1130864); +2303G>A (rs1205) and +4899T>G (rs 3093077)] in the CRP gene and assessed CRP and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a structural marker of atherosclerosis, in 4941 men and women aged 50-74 (mean 61) years (the Whitehall II Study). The 4 major haplotypes from the SNPs were consistently associated with CRP level, but not with other risk factors that might confound the association between CRP and CIMT. CRP, assessed both at mean age 49 and at mean age 61, was associated both with CIMT in age and sex adjusted standard regression analyses and with potential confounding factors. However, the association of CRP with CIMT attenuated to the null with adjustment for confounding factors in both prospective and cross-sectional analyses. When examined using genetic variants as the instrument for serum CRP, there was no inferred association between CRP and CIMT. Conclusions/Significance: Both multivariable standard regression analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis suggest that the association of CRP with carotid atheroma indexed by CIMT may not be causal.
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