Journal
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
Volume 51, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/51/12/124020
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Funding
- EPSRC [EP/H02395X/1, EP/G003955/1, EP/D062837/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- STFC [ST/F00205X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/H02395X/1, EP/G003955/1, EP/D062837/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F00205X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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This paper reviews transport and confinement in spherical tokamaks (STs) and our current physics understanding of this that is partly based on gyrokinetic simulations. Equilibrium flow shear plays an important role, and we show how this is consistently included in the gyrokinetic framework for flows that greatly exceed the diamagnetic velocity. The key geometry factors that influence the effectiveness of turbulence suppression by flow shear are discussed, and we show that toroidal equilibrium flow shear can sometimes entirely suppress ion scale turbulence in today's STs. Advanced nonlinear simulations of electron temperature gradient (ETG) driven turbulence, including kinetic ion physics, collisions and equilibrium flow shear, support the model that ETG turbulence can explain electron heat transport in many ST discharges.
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