Journal
PLANTA
Volume 239, Issue 1, Pages 107-126Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1964-3
Keywords
BnNF-Y (NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y); Canola (Brassica napus); Gene structure; HAP (Heme Activator Protein); Phylogeny
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Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu province [BK2011635]
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement [ZW2010004]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20110491441]
- Jiangsu Postdoctoral Science Foundation [1101013B]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [KYZ201206]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (RAPD program) [809001]
- Technological Innovation Foundation for Young Scientists of Nanjing Agricultural University [Y201058]
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NF-Y (NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y), a heterotrimeric transcription factor, is composed of NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC proteins in yeast, animal, and plant systems. In plants, each of the NF-YA/B/C subunit forms a multi-member family. NF-Ys are key regulators with important roles in many physiological processes, such as drought tolerance, flowering time, and seed development. In this study, we identified, annotated, and further characterized 14 NF-YA, 14 NF-YB, and 5 NF-YC proteins in Brassica napus (canola). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NF-YA/B/C subunits were more closely clustered with the Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) homologs than with rice OsHAP2/3/5 subunits. Analyses of the conserved domain indicated that the BnNF-YA/B/C subfamilies, respectively, shared the same conserved domains with those in other organisms, including Homo sapiens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis, and Oryza sativa (rice). An examination of exon/intron structures revealed that most gene structures of BnNF-Y were similar to their homologs in Arabidopsis, a model dicot plant, but different from those in the model monocot plant rice, suggesting that plant NF-Ys diverged before monocot and dicot plants differentiated. Spatial-tempo expression patterns, as determined by qRT-PCR, showed that most BnNF-Ys were widely expressed in different tissues throughout the canola life cycle and that several closely related BnNF-Y subunits had similar expression profiles. Based on these findings, we predict that BnNF-Y proteins have functions that are conserved in the homologous proteins in other plants. This study provides the first extensive evaluation of the BnNF-Y family, and provides a useful foundation for dissecting the functions of BnNF-Y.
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