Journal
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 31, Issue 4, Pages 549-556Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1781-2
Keywords
Acremonium implicatum; Biocontrol; Endophytic; Fungus; gfp; Parasitic; Root-knot nematode
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Funding
- Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest [201103018]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30971905, 31101418]
- earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System [CARS-25-B]
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Acremonium implicatum is an endophytic fungus with biocontrol potential against Meloidogyne incognita based on its opportunistic egg-parasitic, hatching inhibition, and toxic properties. To understand its mode of plant endophytism and opportunistic egg parasitism, GFP-tagged A. implicatum was constructed by PEG-mediated protoplast transformation. By laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), we evaluated the endophytism and opportunistic egg parasitism of a stable gfp transformant (Acr-1). Acr-1 could colonize epidermal tissue, cortical tissue, and xylem of roots and form a mutualistic symbiosis with tomato host plants. LSCM of Acr-1 infecting M. incognita eggs revealed that hyphae penetrated the shell and grew inside eggs to form trophic hyphae. A large number of hyphae enveloped parasitized eggs. In addition, the egg shell integrity was destroyed by fungal penetration. The percentage of egg parasitism was 33.8 %. There were no marked differences between the wild type and mutant in nematode second-stage juvenile mortality and egg hatching and in fungal control efficiency in a pot experiment. In conclusion, gfp-transformation did not change the nematicidal activity of A. implicatum and is a tool to examine the mode of plant endophytism and opportunistic egg parasitism of A. implicatum.
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