Journal
PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 276, Issue -, Pages 163-170Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.016
Keywords
beta-amylase (BAM); Starch; Multi-gene family; Pseudoenzymes; Transcription factors
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Funding
- United States National Science Foundation Research at Undergraduate Institutions grants [1146776, 1616467]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1146776] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience [1616467] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Multi-gene families present a rich research area to study how related proteins evolve to acquire new structures and functions. The beta-amylase (BAM) gene family is named for catalytic members' ability to hydrolyze starch into maltose units. However, the family also contains proteins that are catalytically inactive, have additional domains, or are not localized with a starch substrate. Here we review the current knowledge of each of the nine Arabidopsis BAMs, including information on their localization, structural features, expression patterns, regulation and potential functions. We also discuss unique characteristics of studying multi-gene families, such as the consideration of different kinetic parameters when performing assays on leaf extracts, and suggest approaches that may be fruitful in learning more about their unique functions.
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