Prolonged overall survival in gastric cancer patients after adoptive immunotherapy

AIM: To assess the efficacy of immunotherapy with expanded activated autologous lymphocytes (EAALs) in gastric cancer. METHODS: An observational study was designed to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 84 gastric cancer patients, of whom 42 were treated by EAAL immunotherapy plus conventional treatment and another 42 only received conventional treatment (control group). EAALs were obtained by proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients followed by phenotype determination. Clinical data including age, gender, clinical stage, chemotherapeutic regimens, hospitalization, surgical, radiotherapy, and survival data were collected along with EAAL therapy details and side effects. Patients were followed and the relationship between treatment and overall survival (OS) data obtained for the immunotherapy and control groups were compared retrospectively. The safety of EAAL immunotherapy was also evaluated. RESULTS: After in vitro culture and proliferation, the percentages of CD3+, CD3+ CD8+, CD8+ CD27+, CD8+ CD28+, and CD3+ CD16+/CD56+ cells increased remarkably (P < 0.05), while the percentages of CD3+ CD4+, CD4+ CD25+, and CD3-CD16+/CD56+ (natural killer cells) were overtly decreased (P < 0.05); no significant change was observed in CD4+ CD25+ CD127-cells (P = 0.448). Interestingly, OS in the immunotherapy group was significantly higher than that in the control group, with 27.0 and 13.9 mo obtained for the two groups, respectively (P = 0.028, HR = 0.573, 95% CI: 0.347-0.945). These findings indicated a 42.7% decrease in the risk of death. In addition, we found that clinical stage and application of EAAL immunotherapy were independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients. Indeed, the OS in stage IIIc and IV patients that had received surgery was prolonged after EAAL immunotherapy (P < 0.05). Importantly, in vitro induction and proliferation of EAAL were easy and biologically safe. CONCLUSION: Overall, EAAL adoptive immunotherapy might prolong the OS in gastric cancer patients.