Exploring an Emerging Issue: Crop Epigenetics

In epigenetics, non-coding sequences are the primary matter. Transponible elements (TEs) are epigenetically marked in order to determine subsequent expression or inhibition, a process that occasionally generates the overexpression of major transcription factors (MTFs). Take this into consideration is fundamental to understanding those underlying epigenetic mechanisms and biological processes involved in the manifestation of variability (so far considered genetic variability), since this process might lead to conspicuous phenotype transformations in only one generation, which is still more noticeable in species subject to continuous selection procedures. This article reviews recent discoveries related to the genetics and epigenetics nature of tb1 and Rht loci, which are essentials in the development of maize (Zea mays) and wheat bread (Triticum aestivum) crops, respectively. In addition, an attempt is made to understand the epigenetic (paramutation, genomic imprinting) as well as environmental (hormonal) processes whose function might be related to these loci.