Journal
PLANT JOURNAL
Volume 75, Issue 6, Pages 915-926Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12255
Keywords
photomorphogenesis; synthetic biology; quaternary structure; photoreceptor; heterodimer; Arabidopsis thaliana
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Funding
- US National Science Foundation [IOS-0920766]
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0920766] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Type II phytochromes (phy) in Arabidopsis form homodimers and heterodimers, resulting in a diverse collection of light-stable red/far-red (R/FR) sensing photoreceptors. We describe an in vivo protein engineering system and its use in characterizing the activities of these molecules. Using a phyB null mutant background, singly and doubly transgenic plants were generated that express fusion proteins containing the phyB-phyE N-terminal photosensory regions (NB-NE PSRs), a nuclear localization sequence, and small yeast protein domains that mediate either homodimerization or heterodimerization. Activity of NB/NB homodimers but not monomeric NB subunits in control of seedling and adult plant responses to R light is demonstrated. Heterodimers of the NB sequence with the chromophoreless NBC357S sequence, which mimic phyB Pfr/Pr photo-heterodimers, mediate R sensitivity in leaves and petioles but not hypocotyls. Homodimerization of the NC, ND and NE sequences and directed heterodimerization of these photosensory regions with the NB region reveal form-specific R-induced activities for different type II phy dimers. The experimental approach developed here of directed assembly of defined protein dimer combinations in vivo may be applicable to other systems.
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