Journal
PLANT JOURNAL
Volume 68, Issue 2, Pages 273-286Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04685.x
Keywords
cyanogenic glucosides; gene clustering; cytochrome P450; Lotus japonicus; Manihot esculenta; Sorghum bicolor
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Funding
- Danmark Grundforskningsfond (Danish National Research Foundation)
- Villum Research Center
- Danish Council for Independent Research/Technology and Production Sciences
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cyanogenic glucosides are amino acid-derived defence compounds found in a large number of vascular plants. Their hydrolysis by specific beta-glucosidases following tissue damage results in the release of hydrogen cyanide. The cyanogenesis deficient1 (cyd1) mutant of Lotus japonicus carries a partial deletion of the CYP79D3 gene, which encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme that is responsible for the first step in cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis. The genomic region surrounding CYP79D3 contains genes encoding the CYP736A2 protein and the UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT85K3. In combination with CYP79D3, these genes encode the enzymes that constitute the entire pathway for cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis. The biosynthetic genes for cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis are also co-localized in cassava (Manihot esculenta) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), but the three gene clusters show no other similarities. Although the individual enzymes encoded by the biosynthetic genes in these three plant species are related, they are not necessarily orthologous. The independent evolution of cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis in several higher plant lineages by the repeated recruitment of members from similar gene families, such as the CYP79s, is a likely scenario.
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