Journal
WORLD JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 280-290Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1050061
Keywords
endophenotypes; biomarkers; schizophrenia; electrophysiological measures; diagnosis
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Funding
- Ontario Mental Health Foundation (OMHF)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation
- Temerty Family
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Foundation
- Campbell Institute
- Grant Family
- Servier
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The neurophysiological components that have been proposed as biomarkers or as endophenotypes for schizophrenia can be measured through electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), polysomnography (PSG), registration of event-related potentials (ERPs), assessment of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) and antisaccade paradigms. Most of them demonstrate deficits in schizophrenia, show at least moderate stability over time and do not depend on clinical status, which means that they fulfil the criteria as valid endophenotypes for genetic studies. Deficits in cortical inhibition and plasticity measured using non-invasive brain stimulation techniques seem promising markers of outcome and prognosis. However the utility of these markers as biomarkers for predicting conversion to psychosis, response to treatments, or for tracking disease progression needs to be further studied.
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