Journal
PLANT ECOLOGY & DIVERSITY
Volume 7, Issue 1-2, Pages 161-171Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2013.820806
Keywords
Andes; ecophysiology; elevation gradient; biomass; forest composition; precipitation; temperature; tropical montane forests
Categories
Funding
- Conservational International
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/D014174/1]
- NERC [NE/G006385/1, NE/J023418/1, NE/D014174/1, NE/D011191/1, NE/D01185X/1, NE/F005776/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/D014174/1, NE/D01185X/1, NE/J023418/1, NE/G006385/1, NE/D011191/1, NE/F005776/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Background: The Amazon to Andes transition zone provides large expanses of relatively pristine forest wilderness across environmental gradients. Such elevational gradients are an excellent natural laboratory for establishing long-term interactions between forest ecosystems and environmental parameters, which is valuable for understanding ecosystem responses to environmental change. Aims: This study presents data on elevational trends of forest structure (biomass, basal area, height, stem density), species richness, and composition from six elevational transects in the Andes. Methods: We analysed the spatial patterns of forest structure, above-ground biomass and composition from 76 permanent plots, ranging from lowland Amazonian rain forest to high-elevation cloud forests in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Results: Forest above-ground woody biomass stocks ranged from 247 Mg ha(-1) (Peru, 210 m) to 86 Mg ha(-1) (Peru, 3450 m), with significantly decreasing trends of tree height and biomass and an increasing trend of stem density with increasing elevation. We observed an increase in forest richness at three taxonomic levels at mid-elevation, followed by a decrease in richness within the cloud immersion zone. Conclusions: The transects show an increase in stem density, a decline in tree height and above-ground coarse wood biomass and a hump-shaped trend in species richness with increasing elevation. These results suggest that environmental change could lead to significant shifts in the properties of these ecosystems over time.
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