Journal
PLANT ECOLOGY
Volume 206, Issue 2, Pages 309-319Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11258-009-9644-x
Keywords
Competitive exclusion; Interspecific pollen transfer; Geographical distribution; Reproductive interference; Salinity stress
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan [19770023]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19770023] Funding Source: KAKEN
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In recent years, reproductive interference (RI), the fitness cost of reproductive activities among species, has received much attention as a factor in competitive exclusion by alien species. In this study, we aimed to explain the distribution of two annual alien Xanthium species (X. occidentale and X. italicum) found in the northern Kinki Distinct of Japan from the viewpoint of RI. First, specimen records demonstrated that Xanthium occidentale was more dominant in all habitats except seaside habitats. Subsequently, using artificial patches of potted plants, we demonstrated that X. italicum suffered intense RI from X. occidentale. Finally, X. italicum was superior to X. occidentale in tolerating salinity stress. Combining these results, we concluded that the asymmetrical RI caused by X. occidentale displaced X. italicum except in seaside habitats, where X. occidentale could not establish colonies. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility that a similar RI effect caused the extinction of native species.
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