Journal
PLANT DISEASE
Volume 92, Issue 7, Pages 1048-1052Publisher
AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-92-7-1048
Keywords
biocontrol; biological control
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Bacteriophages, alone or in combination with copper bactericides, were evaluated for managing Asiatic citrus canker and citrus bacterial spot incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovars citri and citrumelo, respectively. In a set of five greenhouse experiments, phage treatment provided consistent control of citrus canker, causing an average of 59% reduction in disease severity. However, treatment with phage was ineffective if applied with skim milk, a protective formulation, which increases phage residual activity. In nursery settings, phage treatment also reduced disease but was less effective than copper-mancozeb, a chemical bactericide. The integration of phage and copper-mancozeb resulted in equal or less control than copper-mancozeb application alone. Phage treatments were evaluated in a commercial citrus nursery for reducing citrus bacterial spot caused by natural inoculum. Phage treatment provided significant disease reduction on moderately sensitive Valencia oranges in two trials (48 and 35%); however, on the highly susceptible grapefruit host it was ineffective. In an experimental citrus nursery, phage treatment provided significant control of citrus bacterial spot caused by a phage-sensitive strain, but was equally or less effective than copper-mancozeb. The combination of phage and copper-mancozeb did not increase control compared with copper-mancozeb alone.
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