Effects of donor plants and plant growth regulators on naphthoquinone production in root cultures of Impatiens balsamina

The effects of type of explant (leaves and roots), donor plants, and plant growth regulators on naphthoquinone (NQ) production of Impatiens balsamina L. root cultures were evaluated. The root cultures were initiated in liquid Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l(-1) alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.1 mg l(-1) kinetin (Kn) and 1.0 mg l(-1) 6-benzyladenine (BA). The present investigation indicated that the root cultures established from the leaf explants produced higher total NQ content [1.01 +/- A 0.046 mg/g dry weight (DW)] than those established from the root explants (0.62 +/- A 0.023 mg/g DW). The leaf explants of four I. balsamina strains including white flower plant (IbW), pink flower plant (IbP), violet flower plant (IbV) and red flower plant (IbR) were used to establish the root cultures. Based on HPLC analysis, IbP strain produced the highest total NQ content (3.39 +/- A 0.072 mg/g DW), while IbR strain produced the lowest one (1.45 +/- A 0.055 mg/g DW). The root cultures established from the IbP explant were capable of producing higher content of total NQs (2.76 +/- A 0.093 mg/g DW) than those established from the other strains. The results suggest that the tissue cultures initiated from the high-yielding donor plants should be capable of producing higher content of secondary compounds than those initiated from low-yielding donor plants. In addition, plant growth regulator manipulation exhibited that a combination of 0.1 mg l(-1) NAA, 1.0 mg l(-1) Kn and 2.0 mg l(-1) BA is capable of increasing NQ production (2.97 +/- A 0.072 mg/g DW) in I. balsamina root cultures.