Journal
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
Volume 34, Issue 11, Pages 1931-1943Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02389.x
Keywords
heat-shock protein; seed germination
Categories
Funding
- State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China [2009CB118500]
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in University [IRT0635]
- National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [30970229]
- Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [3702110007]
- Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. 'Moneymaker') was transformed with a codA gene, from Arthrobacter globiformis, for choline oxidase that had been modified to allow targeting to both chloroplasts and the cytosol. Glycinebetaine (GB) accumulated in seeds of transformed plants up to 1 mmol g(-1) dry weight (DW), while no detectable GB was found in wild-type (WT) seeds. The codA-transgenic seeds germinated faster and at higher frequency than WT seeds with high temperature treatment. After heat stress, levels of expression of a mitochondrial small heat-shock protein (MT-sHSP), heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heat-shock cognate 70 (HSC70) were higher in transgenic seeds than in WT seeds during heat stress, and the accumulation of HSP70 was more prominent in codA-transgenic seeds than in WT seeds. Addition of GB to the germination medium or imbibition of seeds in a solution of GB enhanced the tolerance of WT seeds to high temperatures. WT seeds treated with exogenous GB also expressed heat-shock genes at elevated levels and accumulated more HSP70 than controls. Our results suggest that GB, either applied exogenously or accumulated in vivo in codA-transgenic seeds, enhanced the expression of heat-shock genes in and improved the tolerance to high temperature of tomato seeds during germination.
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