Journal
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
Volume 33, Issue 2, Pages 244-258Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02074.x
Keywords
Arabidopsis; anatomy; carbohydrates; phenotypic plasticity; photosynthesis; respiration; stomata; temperature
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Funding
- UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
- Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NER/A/S/2001/01186]
- NERC [NE/D01168X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/D01168X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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To predict the effects of temperature changes on plant growth and performance, it is crucial to understand the impact of thermal history on leaf morphology, anatomy and physiology. Here, we document a comprehensive range of leaf phenotypes in 25/20 degrees C-grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants that were shifted to 5 degrees C for up to 2 months. When warm-grown, pre-existing (PE) leaves were exposed to cold, leaf thickness increased due to an increase in mesophyll cell size. Leaves that were entirely cold-developed (CD) were twice as thick (eight cell layers) as their warm-developed (WD) counterparts (six layers), and also had higher epidermal and stomatal cell densities. After 4 d of cold, PE leaves accumulated high levels of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC). However, glucose and starch levels declined thereafter, and after 45 d in the cold, PE leaves exhibited similar TNC to CD leaves. A similar phenomenon was observed in delta 13C and a range of photosynthetic parameters. In cold-treated PE leaves, an increase in respiration (R-dark) with cold exposure time was evident when measured at 25 degrees C but not 5 degrees C. Cold acclimation was associated with a large increase in the ratio of leaf R-dark to photosynthesis. The data highlight the importance of understanding developmental thermal history in determining individual phenotypic traits.
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