Trehalose 6-Phosphate Positively Regulates Fatty Acid Synthesis by Stabilizing WRINKLED1

WRINKLED1 (WRI1), the transcriptional activator of fatty acid synthesis, was recently identified as a target of KIN10, a catalytic alpha-subunit of the SUCROSE-NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SnRK1). We tested the hypothesis that trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), a signal of cellular sucrose status, can regulate fatty acid synthesis by inhibiting SnRK1. Incubation of Brassica napus suspension cells in medium containing T6P, or overexpression of the Escherichia coli T6P synthase, OtsA, in Nicotiana benthamiana, significantly increased T6P levels, WRI1 levels, and fatty acid synthesis rates. T6P directly bound to purified recombinant KIN10 with an equilibrium dissociation constant (K-d) of 32 +/- 6 mu M based on microscale thermophoresis. GEMINIVIRUS REP-INTERACTING KINASE1 (GRIK1) bound to KIN10 (K-d 19 +/- 3 mu M) and activated it by phosphorylation. In the presence of T6P, the GRIK1-KIN10 association was weakened by more than 3-fold (K-d 68 +/- 9.8 mu M), which reduced both the phosphorylation of KIN10 and its activity. T6P-dependent inhibition of SnRK1 activity was reduced in extracts of individual Arabidopsis thaliana grik1 and grik2 mutants relative to the wild type, while SnRK1 activity in grik1 grik2 extracts was enhanced by T6P. These results indicate that the T6P sensitivity of SnRK1 in vivo is GRIK1/GRIK2 dependent. Based on our findings, we propose a mechanistic model that links sugar signaling and fatty acid homeostasis.