Journal
PLANT CELL
Volume 23, Issue 11, Pages 4079-4095Publisher
AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.090480
Keywords
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Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- BBSRC [BB/G025029/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/G025029/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Increases in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+] c) mediate plant responses to stress by regulating the expression of genes encoding proteins that confer tolerance. Several plant stress genes have previously been shown to be calcium-regulated, and in one case, a specific promoter motif Abscisic Acid Responsive-Element (ABRE) has been found to be regulated by calcium. A comprehensive survey of the Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome for calcium-regulated promoter motifs was performed by measuring the expression of genes in Arabidopsis seedlings responding to three calcium elevations of different characteristics, using full genome microarray analysis. This work revealed a total of 269 genes upregulated by [Ca2+](c) in Arabidopsis. Bioinformatic analysis strongly indicated that at least four promoter motifs were [Ca2+](c)-regulated in planta. We confirmed this finding by expressing in plants chimeric gene constructs controlled exclusively by these cis-elements and by testing the necessity and sufficiency of calcium for their expression. Our data reveal that the C-Repeat/Drought-Responsive Element, Site II, and CAM box (along with the previously identified ABRE) promoter motifs are calcium-regulated. The identification of these promoter elements targeted by the second messenger intracellular calcium has implications for plant signaling in response to a variety of stimuli, including cold, drought, and biotic stress.
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