Journal
PLANT CELL
Volume 21, Issue 10, Pages 3185-3197Publisher
AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.063883
Keywords
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Funding
- Korea Ministry of Science and Technology under the National Research Laboratory Program [2006-01952]
- Global Research Laboratory Program [2006-03870]
- Seoul RBD Program [20070301034011]
- BioGreen 21 program
- Rural Development Administration
- Brain Korea 21 program
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2006-01952] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The appropriate timing of flowering is pivotal for reproductive success in plants; thus, it is not surprising that flowering is regulated by complex genetic networks that are fine-tuned by endogenous signals and environmental cues. The Arabidopsis thaliana flowering-time gene SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) encodes a MADS box transcription factor and is one of the key floral activators integrating multiple floral inductive pathways, namely, long-day, vernalization, autonomous, and gibberellin-dependent pathways. To elucidate the downstream targets of SOC1, microarray analyses were performed. The analysis revealed that the soc1-2 knockout mutant has increased, and an SOC1 overexpression line has decreased, expression of cold response genes such as CBFs (for CRT/DRE binding factors) and COR (for cold regulated) genes, suggesting that SOC1 negatively regulates the expression of the cold response genes. By contrast, overexpression of cold-inducible CBFs caused late flowering through increased expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), an upstream negative regulator of SOC1. Our results demonstrate the presence of a feedback loop between cold response and flowering-time regulation; this loop delays flowering through the increase of FLC when a cold spell is transient as in fall or early spring but suppresses the cold response when floral induction occurs through the repression of cold-inducible genes by SOC1.
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