Arabidopsis UEV1D promotes lysine-63-linked polyubiquitination and is involved in DNA damage response

DNA damage tolerance (DDT) in budding yeast requires Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13 and the Ubc enzyme variant (Uev) methyl methanesulfonate2 (Mms2) are required for this process. Mms2 homologs have been found in all eukaryotic genomes examined; however, their roles in multicellular eukaryotes have not been elucidated. We report the isolation and characterization of four UEV1 genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. All four Uev1 proteins can form a stable complex with At Ubc13 or with Ubc13 from yeast or human and can promote Ubc13-mediated Lys-63 polyubiquitination. All four Uev1 proteins can replace yeast MMS2 DDT functions in vivo. Although these genes are ubiquitously expressed in most tissues, UEV1D appears to express at a much higher level in germinating seeds and in pollen. We obtained and characterized two uev1d null mutant T-DNA insertion lines. Compared with wild-type plants, seeds from uev1d null plants germinated poorly when treated with a DNA-damaging agent. Those that germinated grew slower, and the majority ceased growth within 2 weeks. Pollen from uev1d plants also displayed a moderate but significant decrease in germination in the presence of DNA damage. This report links Ubc13-Uev with functions in DNA damage response in Arabidopsis.