The activities of soil and root acid phosphatase in the nine tropical rain forests that differ in phosphorus availability on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo

Tropical rain forests on deeply weathered soils are increasingly thought to be limited by phosphorus (P), where plants and associated organisms would demonstrate adaptations to efficiently recycle P using acid phosphatase from organic matter. The activities of soil and root acid phosphatase were investigated in nine tropical rain forests that demonstrated a 20-fold difference in the soil organic P pool on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. Acid phosphatase activity was measured at pH6.0 using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. The specific phosphatase activity of tree roots on a soil-surface-area basis was significantly positively related with P-use efficiency of above-ground productivity, suggesting a physiological linkage between above and below-ground systems in the adaptation to P deficiency. The phosphatase activities of soils and roots were significantly negatively correlated with the pool size of soil organic P fractions, suggesting that demand for P determines phosphatase activities. It is suggested that tree roots and soil microbes develop more active phosphatases in response to the chronic shortage of soil P, which forms the basis for an important functional role for the efficient acquisition of P from soil organic matter.