Journal
PLANT AND SOIL
Volume 360, Issue 1-2, Pages 215-227Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11104-012-1224-5
Keywords
Vicia faba; No tillage; Weeds; Broomrapes
Categories
Funding
- MiRAAF (project 'Sperimentazione per il miglioramento del grano duro in Sicilia')
- MiPA-UE [POM A16 Misura 2]
- Regione Sicilia (Patti territoriali Magazzolo-Platani and project SICOBIO)
- MiPAF (project SICOBIOS)
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Long-term experiments could provide valuable information to determine the effects of an agronomic practice on agro-ecosystem productivity and stability. This study evaluated the long-term (18-year) impact of different tillage systems on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) productivity, including weed and broomrape incidence, and N-2 fixation. The experiment was carried out on a Vertisol under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. It was set up as a strip-plot design. The tillage systems were: conventional tillage (CT) with moldboard plow, reduced tillage (RT) with chisel plow, and no tillage (NT). Nitrogen fixation was estimated over 2 years in the final phase of the experiment using the N-15 isotope dilution technique. On average, grain yield was 31 % and 23 % higher under NT than under CT and RT, respectively; however, the effect of tillage varied by year. The yield advantage of NT over CT was pronounced when rainfall was scarce. Average broomrape infestation was lower under NT than under CT, but a reduction in tillage intensity resulted in an increase in weed biomass. Tillage had no effect on weed richness, but the use of the NT technique progressively altered the weed composition by determining conditions conducive to the growth of a few weed species that are hard to control. Nitrogen fixation was strongly influenced by tillage, being higher under NT than under CT. The results suggest that NT is a valuable option in the rainfed cereal-legume rotation systems of Mediterranean environments; however, the success of NT technique depends on the use of effective weed control strategies.
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